Carnosic acid is a lipid absorption inhibitor, endowed with antioxidative, antimicrobial, photoprotective potential, and antiproliferative properties.

ARPE-19细胞先用10 μM的Carnosic acid预处理24小时，然后用丙烯酰胺（0.7或1 mM）处理24小时。与仅用丙烯酰胺处理的ARPE-19细胞相比，先用10 μMCarnosic acid预处理的ARPE-19细胞显示出明显增加的细胞活力和降低的细胞死亡率[1]。人类神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y细胞用1 μM的Carnosic acid预处理12小时，可防止过氧化氢（H2O2）引起的TCA酶（异柠檬酸酶、α-酮戊二酸脱氢酶（α-KGDH）、琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH））功能受损，并消除了复合体I和V的抑制，并通过与Nrf2相关的机制恢复了ATP水平[2]。

肉豆蔻酸显著下调空腹血糖水平、口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)和胰岛素耐量试验(ITT)中的葡萄糖水平，改善了CIA诱导的骨质流失，并在CIA诱导的db/db小鼠关节炎模型中减少了促炎细胞因子和活性氧(ROS)的生成[3]。

Human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM)/F-12 HAM nutrient medium (1:1 mixture; supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM L-glutamine, penicillin (1000 units/mL), streptomycin (1000 μg/mL), and amphotericin B (2.5 μg/mL)) in a 5% CO2 humidified incubator at 37 °C. SH-SY5Y cells were cultured until a confluence of 80–90% was achieved and then trypsinized. H2O2 was utilized at 300 μM for different periods of incubation according to each specific assay. A pretreatment with CA (dissolved in DMSO) at 1 μM for 12 h was performed in order to test the ability of this diterpene in preventing the deleterious effects triggered by H2O2 in SH-SY5Y cells [2].

Male C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were given an intradermal injection of 100 μg of chicken type II collagen emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (1:1, w/v) into the base of the tail. 18 days after primary immunization, all mice showed signs of arthritis, and a booster, which consisted of 100 μg of chicken type II collagen emulsified in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA; 1:1, v/v), was injected intradermally. All mice were divided into 7 groups; normal (Nor), db/db, db/db/CIA, and db/db/CIA with CA treatment. To investigate the effects of Carnosic acid (CA) on the development of arthritis, db/db mice and db/db/CIA mice were treated with 30 mg/kg body weight CA (CAL) and 60 mg/kg body weight CA (CAH) seven times per week for 4 weeks intraperitoneally after the booster injection. CA was prepared as 10 mmol/L stock solutions in DMSO [3].